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BTWRLM180

Behind The Woodshed 3rd year Anniversary at Real Liberty Media

At the Situationally Aware Action Oriented Intelligence Center
Of Evolutionary Engagement

The Victory Against You in the Silent War is Your Silence

Evidence What Is Right:

Don’t Just Talk About It

Protect Your Granted Rights

• Sign The Petition – Please
  

First Amendment Not A Trespass Defense

• Breaking: Arrest Warrant Issued for Amy Goodman in North Dakota After Covering Pipeline Protest
  

  An arrest warrant has been issued in North Dakota for Democracy Now! host and executive producer Amy Goodman. Goodman was charged with criminal trespassing, a misdemeanor offense. A team from Democracy Now! was in North Dakota last week to cover the Native American-led protests against the Dakota Access pipeline.

  On Sept. 3, Democracy Now! filmed security guards working for the Dakota Access pipeline company using dogs and pepper spray to attack protesters. Democracy Now!’s report went viral online and was rebroadcast on many outlets, including CBS, NBC, NPR, CNN, MSNBC and Huffington Post.

  “This is an unacceptable violation of freedom of the press,” said Amy Goodman in a statement. “I was doing my job by covering pipeline guards unleashing dogs and pepper spray on Native American protesters.

   

  • UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
    FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: MEMORANDUM OPINION

Things Treaty

• Treaty Clause
  

  Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, includes the Treaty Clause, which empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements, which must be confirmed by the Senate, between the United States and other countries, which become treaties between the United States and other countries after the advice and consent of a supermajority of the United States Senate.  n the United States, the term “treaty” is used in a more restricted legal sense than in international law. U.S. law distinguishes what it calls treaties from congressional-executive agreements and sole-executive agreements.^[1] All three classes are considered treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal United States law. Distinctions among the three concern their method of ratification.

   

• Treaty
  

  Treaties and indigenous peoples

  Treaties formed an important part of Europeancolonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implications of what they were signing.

  In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing DynastyChina, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other.

   

• Transcript of Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
  

  ARTICLES OF A TREATY MADE AND CONCLUDED BY AND BETWEEN

  Lieutenant General William T. Sherman, General William S. Harney, General Alfred H. Terry, General O. O. Augur, J. B. Henderson, Nathaniel G. Taylor, John G. Sanborn, and Samuel F. Tappan, duly appointed commissioners on the part of the United States, and the different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, by their chiefs and headmen, whose names are hereto subscribed, they being duly authorized to act in the premises.

  ARTICLE I.
  From this day forward all war between the parties to this agreement shall for ever cease. The government of the United States desires peace, and its honor is hereby pledged to keep it. The Indians desire peace, and they now pledge their honor to maintain it.

  If bad men among the whites, or among other people subject to the authority of the United States, shall commit any wrong upon the person or property of the Indians, the United States will, upon proof made to the agent, and forwarded to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs at Washington city, proceed at once to cause the offender to be arrested and punished according to the laws of the United States, and also reimburse the injured person for the loss sustained.

  If bad men among the Indians shall commit a wrong or depredation upon the person or property of nay one, white, black, or Indian, subject to the authority of the United States, and at peace therewith, the Indians herein named solemnly agree that they will, upon proof made to their agent, and notice by him, deliver up the wrongdoer to the United States, to be tried and punished according to its laws, and, in case they willfully refuse so to do, the person injured shall be reimbursed for his loss from the annuities, or other moneys due or to become due to them under this or other treaties made with the United States; and the President, on advising with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, shall prescribe such rules and regulations for ascertaining damages under the provisions of this article as in his judgment may be proper, but no one sustaining loss while violating the provisions of this treaty, or the laws of the United States, shall be reimbursed therefor.

  ARTICLE II.
  The United States agrees that the following district of country, to wit, viz: commencing on the east bank of the Missouri river where the 46th parallel of north latitude crosses the same, thence along low-water mark down said east bank to a point opposite where the northern line of the State of Nebraska strikes the river, thence west across said river, and along the northern line of Nebraska to the 104th degree of longitude west from Greenwich, thence north on said meridian to a point where the 46th parallel of north latitude intercepts the same, thence due east along said parallel to the place of beginning; and in addition thereto, all existing reservations of the east back of said river, shall be and the same is, set apart for the absolute and undisturbed use and occupation of the Indians herein named, and for such other friendly tribes or individual Indians as from time to time they may be willing, with the consent of the United States, to admit amongst them; and the United States now solemnly agrees that no persons, except those herein designated and authorized so to do, and except such officers, agents, and employees of the government as may be authorized to enter upon Indian reservations in discharge of duties enjoined by law, shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in the territory described in this article, or in such territory as may be added to this reservation for the use of said Indians, and henceforth they will and do hereby relinquish all claims or right in and to any portion of the United States or Territories, except such as is embraced within the limits aforesaid, and except as hereinafter provided.

  ARTICLE III.
  If it should appear from actual survey or other satisfactory examination of said tract of land that it contains less than 160 acres of tillable land for each person who, at the time, may be authorized to reside on it under the provisions of this treaty, and a very considerable number of such persons hsall be disposed to comence cultivating the soil as farmers, the United States agrees to set apart, for the use of said Indians, as herein provided, such additional quantity of arable land, adjoining to said reservation, or as near to the same as it can be obtained, as may be required to provide the necessary amount.

  ARTICLE IV.
  The United States agrees, at its own proper expense, to construct, at some place on the Missouri river, near the centre of said reservation where timber and water may be convenient, the following buildings, to wit, a warehouse, a store-room for the use of the agent in storing goods belonging to the Indians, to cost not less than $2,500; an agency building, for the residence of the agent, to cost not exceeding $3,000; a residence for the physician, to cost not more than $3,000; and five other buildings, for a carpenter, farmer, blacksmith, miller, and engineer-each to cost not exceeding $2,000; also, a school-house, or mission building, so soon as a sufficient number of children can be induced by the agent to attend school, which shall not cost exceeding $5,000.

  The United States agrees further to cause to be erected on said reservation, near the other buildings herein authorized, a good steam circular saw-mill, with a grist-mill and shingle machine attached to the same, to cost not exceeding $8,000.

  ARTICLE V.
  The United States agrees that the agent for said Indians shall in the future make his home at the agency building; that he shall reside among them, and keep an office open at all times for the purpose of prompt and diligent inquiry into such matters of complaint by and against the Indians as may be presented for investigation under the provisions of their treaty stipulations, as also for the faithful discharge of other duties enjoined on him by law. In all cases of depredation on person or property he shall cause the evidence to be taken in writing and forwarded, together with his findings, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, whose decision, subject to the revision of the Secretary of the Interior, shall be binding on the parties to this treaty.

  ARTICLE VI.
  If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select, in the presence and with the assistance of the agent then in charge, a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent, which tract, when so selected, certified, and recorded in the “Land Book” as herein directed, shall cease to be held in common, but the same may be occupied and held in the exclusive possession of the person selecting it, and of his family, so long as he or they may continue to cultivate it.

  Any person over eighteen years of age, not being the head of a family, may in like manner select and cause to be certified to him or her, for purposes of cultivation, a quantity of land, not exceeding eighty acres in extent, and thereupon be entitled to the exclusive possession of the same as above directed.

  For each tract of land so selected a certificate, containing a description thereof and the name of the person selecting it, with a certificate endorsed thereon that the same has been recorded, shall be delivered to the party entitled to it, by the agent, after the same shall have been recorded by him in a book to be kept in his office, subject to inspection, which said book shall be known as the “Sioux Land Book.”

  The President may, at any time, order a survey of the reservation, and, when so surveyed, Congress shall provide for protecting the rights of said settlers in their improvements, and may fix the character of the title held by each. The United States may pass such laws on the subject of alienation and descent of property between the Indians and their descendants as may be thought proper. And it is further stipulated that any male Indians over eighteen years of age, of any band or tribe that is or shall hereafter become a party to this treaty, who now is or who shall hereafter become a resident or occupant of any reservation or territory not included in the tract of country designated and described in this treaty for the permanent home of the Indians, which is not mineral land, nor reserved by the United States for special purposes other than Indian occupation, and who shall have made improvements thereon of the value of two hundred dollars or more, and continuously occupied the same as a homestead for the term of three years, shall be entitled to receive from the United States a patent for one hundred and sixty acres of land including his said improvements, the same to be in the form of the legal subdivisions of the surveys of the public lands. Upon application in writing, sustained by the proof of two disinterested witnesses, made to the register of the local land office when the land sought to be entered is within a land district, and when the tract sought to be entered is not in any land district, then upon said application and proof being made to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and the right of such Indian or Indians to enter such tract or tracts of land shall accrue and be perfect from the date of his first improvements thereon, and shall continue as long as be continues his residence and improvements and no longer. And any Indian or Indians receiving a patent for land under the foregoing provisions shall thereby and from thenceforth become and be a citizen of the United States and be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of such citizens, and shall, at the same time, retain all his rights to benefits accruing to Indians under this treaty.

  ARTICLE VII.
  In order to insure the civilization of the Indians entering into this treaty, the necessity of education is admitted, especially of such of them as are or may be settled on said agricultural reservations, and they, therefore, pledge themselves to compel their children, male and female, between the ages of six and sixteen years, to attend school, and it is hereby made the duty of the agent for said Indians to see that this stipulation is strictly complied with; and the United States agrees that for every thirty children between said ages, who can be induced or compelled to attend school, a house shall be provided, and a teacher competent to teach the elementary branches of an English education shall be furnished, who will reside among said Indians and faithfully discharge his or her duties as a teacher. The provisions of this article to continue for not less than twenty years.

  ARTICLE VIII.
  When the head of a family or lodge shall have selected lands and received his certificate as above directed, and the agent shall be satisfied that he intends in good faith to commence cultivating the soil for a living, he shall be entitled to receive seeds and agricultural implements for the first year, not exceeding in value one hundred dollars, and for each succeeding year he shall continue to farm, for a period of three years more, he shall be entitled to receive seeds and implements as aforesaid, not exceeding in value twenty-five dollars. And it is further stipulated that such persons as commence farming shall receive instruction from the farmer herein provided for, and whenever more than one hundred persons shall enter upon the cultivation of the soil, a second blacksmith shall be provided, with such iron, steel, and other material as may be needed.

  ARTICLE IX.
  At any time after ten years fro the making of this treaty, the United States shall have the privilege of withdrawing the physician, farmer, blacksmith, carpenter, engineer, and miller herein provided for, but in case of such withdrawal, an additional sum thereafter of ten thousand dollars per annum shall be devoted to the education of said Indians, and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs shall, upon careful inquiry into their condition, make such rules and regulations for the expenditure of said sums as will best promote the education and moral improvement of said tribes.

  ARTICLE X.
  In lieu of all sums of money or other annuities provided to be paid to the Indians herein named under any treaty or treaties heretofore made, the United States agrees to deliver at the agency house on the reservation herein named, on or before the first day of August of each year, for thirty years, the following articles, to wit:

  For each male person over 14 years of age, a suit of good substantial woollen clothing, consisting of coat, pantaloons, flannel shirt, hat, and a pair of home-made socks.

  For each female over 12 years of age, a flannel shirt, or the goods necessary to make it, a pair of woollen hose, 12 yards of calico, and 12 yards of cotton domestics.

  For the boys and girls under the ages named, such flannel and cotton goods as may be needed to make each a suit as aforesaid, together with a pair of woollen hose for each.

  And in order that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may be able to estimate properly for the articles herein named, it shall be the duty of the agent each year to forward to him a full and exact census of the Indians, on which the estimate from year to year can be based.

  And in addition to the clothing herein named, the sum of $10 for each person entitled to the beneficial effects of this treaty shall be annually appropriated for a period of 30 years, while such persons roam and hunt, and $20 for each person who engages in farming, to be used by the Secretary of the Interior in the purchase of such articles as from time to time the condition and necessities of the Indians may indicate to be proper. And if within the 30 years, at any time, it shall appear that the amount of money needed for clothing, under this article, can be appropriated to better uses for the Indians named herein, Congress may, by law, change the appropriation to other purposes, but in no event shall the amount of the appropriation be withdrawn or discontinued for the period named. And the President shall annually detail an officer of the army to be present and attest the delivery of all the goods herein named, to the Indians, and he shall inspect and report on the quantity and quality of the goods and the manner of their delivery. And it is hereby expressly stipulated that each Indian over the age of four years, who shall have removed to and settled permanently upon said reservation, one pound of meat and one pound of flour per day, provided the Indians cannot furnish their own subsistence at an earlier date. And it is further stipulated that the United States will furnish and deliver to each lodge of Indians or family of persons legally incorporated with the, who shall remove to the reservation herein described and commence farming, one good American cow, and one good well-broken pair of American oxen within 60 days after such lodge or family shall have so settled upon said reservation.

  ARTICLE XI.
  In consideration of the advantages and benefits conferred by this treaty and the many pledges of friendship by the United States, the tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside

  their reservations as herein defined, but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. And they, the said Indians, further expressly agree:

  1st. That they will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains.

  2d. That they will permit the peaceful construction of any railroad not passing over their reservation as herein defined.

  3d. That they will not attack any persons at home, or travelling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United S

  tates, or to persons friendly therewith.

  4th. They will never capture, or carry off from the settlements, white women or children.

  5th. They will never kill or scalp white men, nor attempt to do them harm.

  6th. They withdraw all pretence of opposition to the construction of the railroad now being built along the Platte river and westward to the Pacific ocean, and they will not in future object to the construction of railroads, wagon roads, mail stations, or other works of utility or necessity, which may be ordered or permitted by the laws of the United States. But should such roads or other works be constructed on the lands of their reservation, the government will pay the tribe whatever amount of damage may be assessed by three disinterested commissioners to be appointed by the President for that purpose, one of the said commissioners to be a chief or headman of the tribe.

  7th. They agree to withdraw all opposition to the military posts or roads now established south of the North Platte river, or that may be established, not in violation of treaties heretofore made or hereafter to be made with any of the Indian tribes.

  ARTICLE XII.
  No treaty for the cession of any portion or part of the reservation herein described which may be held in common, shall be of any validity or force as against the said Indians unless executed and signed by at least three-fourths of all the adult male Indians occupying or interested in the same, and no cession by the tribe shall be understood or construed in such manner as to deprive, without his consent, any individual member of the tribe of his rights to any tract of land selected by him as provided in Article VI of this treaty.

  ARTICLE XIII.
  The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the Indians the physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmiths, as herein contemplated, and that such appropriations shall be made from time to time, on the estimate of the Secretary of the Interior, as will be sufficient to employ such persons.

  ARTICLE XIV.
  It is agreed that the sum of five hundred dollars annually for three years from date shall be expended in presents to the ten persons of said tribe who in the judgment of the agent may grow the most valuable crops for the respective year.

  ARTICLE XV.
  The Indians herein named agree that when the agency house and other buildings shall be constructed on the reservation named, they will regard said reservation their permanent home, and they will make no permanent settlement elsewhere; but they shall have the right, subject to the conditions and modifications of this treaty, to hunt, as stipulated in Article XI hereof.

  ARTICLE XVI.
  The United States hereby agrees and stipulates that the country north of the North Platte river and east of the summits of the Big Horn mountains shall be held and considered to be unceded. Indian territory, and also stipulates and agrees that no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy any portion of the same; or without the consent of the Indians, first had and obtained, to pass through the same; and it is further agreed by the United States, that within ninety days after the conclusion of peace with all the bands of the Sioux nation, the military posts now established in the territory in this article named shall be abandoned, and that the road leading to them and by them to the settlements in the Territory of Montana shall be closed.

  ARTICLE XVII.
  It is hereby expressly understood and agreed by and between the respective parties to this treaty that the execution of this treaty and its ratification by the United States Senate shall have the effect, and shall be construed as abrogating and annulling all treaties and agreements heretofore entered into between the respective parties hereto, so far as such treaties and agreements obligate the United States to furnish and provide money, clothing, or other articles of property to such Indians and bands of Indians as become parties to this treaty, but no further.

  In testimony of all which, we, the said commissioners, and we, the chiefs and headmen of the Brule band of the Sioux nation, have hereunto set our hands and seals at Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory, this twenty-ninth day of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.

  N. G. TAYLOR,
  W. T. SHERMAN,
  Lieutenant General
  WM. S. HARNEY,
  Brevet Major General U.S.A.
  JOHN B. SANBORN,
  S. F. TAPPAN,
  C. C. AUGUR,
  Brevet Major General
  ALFRED H. TERRY,
  Brevet Major General U.S.A.
  Attest:
  A. S. H. WHITE, Secretary.

  Executed on the part of the Brule band of Sioux by the chiefs and headman whose names are hereto annexed, they being thereunto duly authorized, at Fort Laramie, D. T., the twenty-ninth day of April, in the year A. D. 1868.

  MA-ZA-PON-KASKA, his X mark, Iron Shell.
  WAH-PAT-SHAH, his X mark, Red Leaf.
  HAH-SAH-PAH, his X mark, Black Horn.
  ZIN-TAH-GAH-LAT-WAH, his X mark, Spotted Tail.
  ZIN-TAH-GKAH, his X mark, White Tail.
  ME-WAH-TAH-NE-HO-SKAH, his X mark, Tall Man.
  SHE-CHA-CHAT-KAH, his X mark, Bad Left Hand.
  NO-MAH-NO-PAH, his X mark, Two and Two.
  TAH-TONKA-SKAH, his X mark, White Bull.
  CON-RA-WASHTA, his X mark, Pretty Coon.
  HA-CAH-CAH-SHE-CHAH, his X mark, Bad Elk.
  WA-HA-KA-ZAH-ISH-TAH, his X mark, Eye Lance.
  MA-TO-HA-KE-TAH, his X mark, Bear that looks behind.
  BELLA-TONKA-TONKA, his X mark, Big Partisan.
  MAH-TO-HO-HONKA, his X mark, Swift Bear.
  TO-WIS-NE, his X mark, Cold Place.
  ISH-TAH-SKAH, his X mark, White Eye.
  MA-TA-LOO-ZAH, his X mark, Fast Bear.
  AS-HAH-HAH-NAH-SHE, his X mark, Standing Elk.
  CAN-TE-TE-KI-YA, his X mark, The Brave Heart.
  SHUNKA-SHATON, his X mark, Day Hawk.
  TATANKA-WAKON, his X mark, Sacred Bull.
  MAPIA SHATON, his X mark, Hawk Cloud.
  MA-SHA-A-OW, his X mark, Stands and Comes.
  SHON-KA-TON-KA, his X mark, Big Dog.
  Attest:
  ASHTON S. H. WHITE, Secretary of Commission.
  GEORGE B. WITHS, Phonographer to Commission.
  GEO. H. HOLTZMAN.
  JOHN D. HOWLAND.
  JAMES C. O’CONNOR.
  CHAR. E. GUERN, Interpreter.
  LEON T. PALLARDY, Interpreter.
  NICHOLAS JANIS, Interpreter.

  Executed on the part of the Ogallalla band of Sioux by the chiefs and headmen whose names are hereto subscribed, they being thereunto duly authorized, at Fort Laramie, the 25th day of May, in the year A. D. 1868.

  TAH-SHUN-KA-CO-QUI-PAH, his mark, Man-afraid-of-his-horses.
  SHA-TON-SKAH, his X mark, White Hawk.
  SHA-TON-SAPAH, his X mark, Black Hawk.
  EGA-MON-TON-KA-SAPAH, his X mark, Black Tiger
  OH-WAH-SHE-CHA, his X mark, Bad Wound.
  PAH-GEE, his X mark, Grass.
  WAH-NON SAH-CHE-GEH, his X mark, Ghost Heart.
  COMECH, his X mark, Crow.
  OH-HE-TE-KAH, his X mark, The Brave.
  TAH-TON-KAH-HE-YO-TA-KAH, his X mark, Sitting Bull.
  SHON-KA-OH-WAH-MEN-YE, his X mark, Whirlwind Dog.
  HA-KAH-KAH-TAH-MIECH, his X mark, Poor Elk.
  WAM-BU-LEE-WAH-KON, his X mark, Medicine Eagle.
  CHON-GAH-MA-HE-TO-HANS-KA, his X mark, High Wolf.
  WAH-SECHUN-TA-SHUN-KAH, his X mark, American Horse.
  MAH-KAH-MAH-HA-MAK-NEAR, his X mark, Man that walks under the ground.
  MAH-TO-TOW-PAH, his X mark, Four Bears.
  MA-TO-WEE-SHA-KTA, his X mark, One that kills the bear.
  OH-TAH-KEE-TOKA-WEE-CHAKTA, his X mark, One that kills in a hard place.
  TAH-TON-KAH-TA-MIECH, his X mark, The Poor Bull.
  OH-HUNS-EE-GA-NON-SKEN, his X mark, Mad Shade.
  SHAH-TON-OH-NAH-OM-MINNE-NE-OH-MINNE, his X mark, Whirling hawk.
  MAH-TO-CHUN-KA-OH, his X mark, Bear’s Back.
  CHE-TON-WEE-KOH, his X mark, Fool Hawk.
  WAH-HOH-KE-ZA-AH-HAH, his X mark,
  EH-TON-KAH, his X mark, Big Mouth.
  MA-PAH-CHE-TAH, his X mark, Bad Hand.
  WAH-KE-YUN-SHAH, his X mark, Red Thunder.
  WAK-SAH, his X mark, One that Cuts Off.
  CHAH-NOM-QUI-YAH, his X mark, One that Presents the Pipe.
  WAH-KE-KE-YAN-PUH-TAH, his X mark, Fire Thunder.
  MAH-TO-NONK-PAH-ZE, his X mark, Bear with Yellow Ears.
  CON-REE-TEH-KA, his X mark, The Little Crow.
  HE-HUP-PAH-TOH, his X mark, The Blue War Club.
  SHON-KEE-TOH, his X mark, The Blue Horse.
  WAM-BALLA-OH-CONQUO, his X mark, Quick Eagle.
  TA-TONKA-SUPPA, his X mark, Black Bull.
  MOH-TOH-HA-SHE-NA, his X mark, The Bear Hide.
  Attest:
  S. E. WARD.
  JAS. C. O’CONNOR.
  J. M. SHERWOOD.
  W. C. SLICER.
  SAM DEON.
  H. M. MATHEWS.
  JOSEPH BISS
  NICHOLAS JANIS, Interpreter.
  LEFROY JOTT, Interpreter.
  ANTOINE JANIS, Interpreter.

  Executed on the part of the Minneconjou band of Sioux by the chiefs and headmen whose names are hereunto subscribed, they being thereunto duly authorized.

  HEH-WON-GE-CHAT, his X mark, One Horn.
  OH-PON-AH-TAH-E-MANNE, his X mark, The Elk that Bellows Walking.
  HEH-HO-LAH-ZEH-CHA-SKAH, his X mark, Young White Bull.
  WAH-CHAH-CHUM-KAH-COH-KEEPAH, his X mark, One that is Afraid of Shield.
  HE-HON-NE-SHAKTA, his X mark, The Old Owl.
  MOC-PE-A-TOH, his X mark, Blue Cloud.
  OH-PONG-GE-LE-SKAH, his X mark, Spotted Elk.
  TAH-TONK-KA-HON-KE-SCHUE, his X mark, Slow bull.
  SHONK-A-NEE-SHAH-SHAH-ATAH-PE, his X mark, The Dog Chief.
  MA-TO-TAH-TA-TONK-KA, his X mark, Bull Bear.
  WOM-BEH-LE-TON-KAH, his X mark, The Big Eagle.
  MATOH, EH-SCHNE-LAH, his X mark, The Lone Bear.
  MA-TOH-OH-HE-TO-KEH, his X mark, The Brave Bear.
  EH-CHE-MA-KEH, his X mark, The Runner.
  TI-KI-YA, his X mark, The Hard.
  HE-MA-ZA, his X mark, Iron Horn.
  Attest:
  JAS. C O’CONNOR,
  WM. D. BROWN,
  NICHOLAS JANIS,
  ANTOINE JANIS,
  Interpreters.

  Executed on the part of the Yanctonais band of Sioux by the chiefs and headmen whose names are hereto subscribed, they being thereunto duly authorized:

  MAH-TO-NON-PAH, his X mark, Two Bears.
  MA-TO-HNA-SKIN-YA, his X mark, Mad Bear.
  HE-O-PU-ZA, his X mark, Louzy.
  AH-KE-CHE-TAH-CHE-KA-DAN, his X mark, Little Soldier.
  MAH-TO-E-TAN-CHAN, his X mark, Chief Bear.
  CU-WI-TO-WIA, his X mark, Rotten Stomach.
  SKUN-KA-WE-TKO, his X mark, Fool Dog.
  ISH-TA-SAP-PAH, his X mark, Black Eye.
  IH-TAN-CHAN, his X mark, The Chief.
  I-A-WI-CA-KA, his X mark, The One who Tells the Truth.
  AH-KE-CHE-TAH, his X mark, The Soldier.
  TA-SHI-NA-GI, his X mark, Yellow Robe.
  NAH-PE-TON-KA, his X mark, Big Hand.
  CHAN-TEE-WE-KTO, his X mark, Fool Heart.
  HOH-GAN-SAH-PA, his X mark, Black Catfish.
  MAH-TO-WAH-KAN, his X mark, Medicine Bear.
  SHUN-KA-KAN-SHA, his X mark, Red Horse.
  WAN-RODE, his X mark, The Eagle.
  CAN-HPI-SA-PA, his X mark, Black Tomahawk.
  WAR-HE-LE-RE, his X mark, Yellow Eagle.
  CHA-TON-CHE-CA, his X mark, Small Hawk, or Long Fare.
  SHU-GER-MON-E-TOO-HA-SKA, his X mark, Fall Wolf.
  MA-TO-U-TAH-KAH, his X mark, Sitting Bear.
  HI-HA-CAH-GE-NA-SKENE, his X mark, Mad Elk.
  Arapahoes.
  LITTLE CHIEF, his X mark.
  TALL BEAR, his X mark.
  TOP MAN, his X mark.
  NEVA, his X mark.
  THE WOUNDED BEAR, his X mark.
  WHIRLWIND, his X mark.
  THE FOX, his X mark.
  THE DOG BIG MOUTH, his X mark.
  SPOTTED WOLF, his X mark.
  SORREL HORSE, his X mark.
  BLACK COAL, his X mark.
  BIG WOLF, his X mark.
  KNOCK-KNEE, his X mark.
  BLACK CROW, his X mark.
  THE LONE OLD MAN, his X mark.
  PAUL, his X mark.
  BLACK BULL, his X mark.
  BIG TRACK, his X mark.
  THE FOOT, his X mark.
  BLACK WHITE, his X mark.
  YELLOW HAIR, his X mark.
  LITTLE SHIELD, his X mark.
  BLACK BEAR, his X mark.
  WOLF MOCASSIN, his X mark.
  BIG ROBE, his X mark.
  WOLF CHIEF, his X mark.
  Witnesses:
  ROBERT P. MCKIBBIN,
  Captain 4th Infantry, and Bvt. Lieut. Col. U. S. A.,
  Commanding Fort Laramie.
  WM. H. POWELL,
  Brevet Major, Captain 4th Infantry.
  HENRY W. PATTERSON,
  Captain 4th Infantry.
  THEO E. TRUE,
  Second Lieutenant 4th Infantry.
  W. G. BULLOCK.
  FORT LARAMIE, WYOMING TERRITORY
  November 6, 1868.
  MAH-PI-AH-LU-TAH, his X mark, Red Cloud.
  WA-KI-AH-WE-CHA-SHAH, his X mark, Thunder Man.
  MA-ZAH-ZAH-GEH, his X mark, Iron Cane.
  WA-UMBLE-WHY-WA-KA-TUYAH, his X mark, High Eagle.
  KO-KE-PAH, his X mark, Man Afraid.
  WA-KI-AH-WA-KOU-AH, his X mark, Thunder Flying Running.
  Witnessess:
  W. MCE. DYE,
  Brevet Colonel U. S. Army,
  Commanding.
  A. B. CAIN,
  Captain 4th Infantry, Brevet Major U. S. Army.
  ROBT. P. MCKIBBIN,
  Captain 4th Infantry, Bvt. Lieut. Col. U. S. Army.
  JNO. MILLER,
  Captain 4th Infantry.
  G. L. LUHN,
  First Lieutenant 4th Infantry, Bvt. Capt. U. S. Army.
  H. C. SLOAN,
  Second Lieutenant 4th Infantry.

  Transcription courtesy of the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.

Global Theater Celebrity Deception

• Leonardo DiCaprio Stands With Great Sioux Nation to Stop Dakota Access Pipeline
  
  The campaign to oppose the construction of the Dakota Access pipeline (DAPL) continues to gain steam with Leonardo DiCaprio and actors from the upcoming Justice League film joining the cause.

  Standing w/ the Great Sioux Nation to protect their water & lands. Take a stand: https://t.co/nKKMIe4csA #RezpectOurWater #KeepItInTheGround

   

  Dakota Access—a subsidiary of Texas-based Energy Transfer Partners LP—has proposed a $3.7 billion, 1,168-mile pipeline that will transfer up to 570,00 barrels of crude oil per day from the North Dakota Bakken region through South Dakota and Iowa into Illinois.

  The DAPL, also referred to as the Bakken pipeline, would cross the Missouri River less than a mile away from the Standing Rock Reservation that stands in North and South Dakota. The Missouri River, one of the largest water resources in the U.S., provides drinking water for millions of people.

  The people of Standing Rock, often called Sioux, warn that a potential oil spill into the river would threaten the water, land and health of their reservation.

   

Right On Cue

• Alabama pipeline spill update: Gasoline leak flow is ‘greatly diminished’
  

  The company that owns the pipeline that has leaked more than 250,000 gallons of gasoline into a Shelby County wildlife management area says that the flow of gas from the line has been “greatly diminished” since the leak was discovered Sept. 9.

  “The gas actually leaking from the pipeline has been greatly diminished to where we can begin excavation activities later today,” David York, a spokesman for Colonial Pipeline, told AL.com Friday afternoon.

  Gov. Robert Bentley declared a state of emergency Thursday as fears rose that the service interruption caused by the leak could leave Alabama and other southern states facing shortages of the type of gasoline that is used to fuel vehicles.

  York also said that the gasoline leaking from the pipeline at a site in the William R. Ireland Sr. Cahaba River Wildlife Management Area is being fully contained and that it does not pose a threat to the Cahaba River, which is home to many rare and endangered species. He said the gasoline is all flowing into nearby ponds that are keeping it from flowing to the river.

  “There is no concern that we will lose containment from what we call Pond Number Two,” he explained. “If for some reason we do lose containment on Pond Two, there is also Pond Three and it’s got containment built on it, and there’s multiple containment areas on Peal Creek, all before it gets to the Cahaba River.”

  He explained that the three ponds were already in place near the leak as “a result of some mining activity” and that they are being used as containment ponds because they are well-suited to that task. He said that the pond’s purpose is to help collect and contain the gas in one place and to help keep it from getting into the water table.

   

Coincidentally Proving Competing Needs

• Florida Fertilizer Plant Sinkhole Reportedly Leaks 215 Million Gallons of Radioactive Water Into Aquifer
  

   A massive sinkhole at a fertilizer plant in Mulberry, Florida, has caused about 215 million gallons of radioactive water to drain down into the Floridian aquifer system, according to ABC affiliate WFTS.

  The aquifer system supplies drinking water to millions of Florida residents, according to the St. Johns Water Management District’s website. Additionally, water that escapes from the aquifers create springs used for recreational activities like snorkeling and swimming.

  The fertilizer company Mosaic wrote on its website that it discovered a sinkhole 45 feet in diameter at its New Wales facility after noticing water levels had dropped in a stack of radioactive waste product known as phosphogypsum in late August.

  Phosphogypsum is a waste product resulting from the processing of phosphate to make fertilizers, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The byproduct is often stored by industrial plants in mountainous piles known as phosphogysum stacks.

  “Based on the nature of the water loss and what we’ve learned so far,” the sinkhole damaged the liner system at the base of a phosophogypsum stack, Mosaic said on Thursday. “The pond on top of the cell drained as a result” and “some seepage continues.”

   

Welcome To The Rez

• Video: Russell Means: Welcome To The Reservation
  

  The United States is one big reservation, and we are all in it. So says Russell Means, legendary actor, political activist and leader for the American Indian Movement. Means led the 1972 seizure of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C., and in 1973 led a standoff at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, a response to the massacre of at least 150 Lakotah men, women, and children by the U.S. Seventh Cavalry at a camp near Wounded Knee Creek.

  American Indian Russell Means gives an eye-opening 90 minute interview in which he explains how Native Americans and Americans in general are all imprisoned within one huge reservation.

Revolution: We Live the Same History

• Indian Reorganization Act
  

  The federal government held land in trust for many tribes. Numerous claims cases had been presented to Congress because of failures in the government’s management of such lands. There were particular grievances and claims due to the government’s failure to provide for sustainable sustain-yield forestry. The Indian Claims Act included a requirement that the Interior Department manage Indian forest resources “on the principle of sustained-yield management.” Representative Edgar Howard of Nebraska, co-sponsor of the Act and Chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs, explained that the purpose of the provision was “to assure a proper and permanent management of the Indian Forest” under modern sustained-yield methods so as to “assure that the Indian forests will be permanently productive and will yield continuous revenues to the tribes.”^[3]

The Real Harm

• How the U.S. Government Is Helping Corporations Plunder Native Land
  

  A 6-month investigation reveals that the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs—tasked with negotiating the best possible deal for Native landowners—often makes it cheap and easy for outside corporations to exploit Native resources.

   

Real Remedy: Just Say No

• North Dakota Landowner Wins Easement Battle Against Oil Company
  

  The disruptive phone calls came at dinnertime, and were not the usual telemarketing solicitations. The caller identified as a representative from a multinational oil company wanting to run a 24-inch pipeline through farmland owned by James and Krista Botsford. The caller was not selling anything, but wanted the Botsfords to sell a right of way through their North Dakota land. This pipeline would push 300,000 barrels of oil a day to ports in Superior Wisconsin. The crude oil, pumped straight from the Bakken Oil Fields, could not be sold on the world market until it was processed at refineries on Lake Superior.

  Every time that James Botsford answered the persistent ringing of the phone, he told the caller in no uncertain terms that he and his wife were not interested. They did not want to participate in a private enterprise that would increase global warming and threaten the lives of his heirs. This was a moral imperative and no amount of persuasion, including money, would make him change his mind.

   James Botsford in August 2015 speaking to filmmaker Keri Pickett for the documentary “First Daughter and the Black Snake”But that was almost two years ago.

  The Botsfords stood their ground, and today the oil company lost days before the appeal was to be heard in the Supreme Court of North Dakota. Enbridge capitulated before the oral arguments.

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Required Reading

Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars

• The people know that they have created this farce and financed it with their own taxes (consent), but they would rather knuckle under than be the hypocrite. Factor VI – Cattle Those who will not use their brains are no better off than those who have no brains, and so this mindless school of jelly-fish, father, mother, son, and daughter, become useful beasts of burden or trainers of the same.
• Mr. Rothschild’s Energy Discovery
  What Mr. Rothschild [2] had discovered was the basic principle of power, influence, and control over people as applied to economics. That principle is “when you assume the appearance of power, people soon give it to you.”

The Law of War

• General Orders No. 100: The Lieber Code

  INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD

Where Not Throwing Oppression Off, You Live Either Under an Occupation or by Conquest.

The Choice and Responsibility are Yours. United We Strike

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(^_^)

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